Turtles at home: what water turtles and tortoises need

Little turtles are sold in shops and on pavements in small plastic boxes, as a pet that "needs nothing". In fact a turtle needs a special setup, lives a very long time, and can pass Salmonella germs to people.

Before you buy

• Water turtles (such as the red-eared slider) can live over 30 years and grow to about 20 cm. A small tank won't be enough.
• Tortoises: many on sale were taken from the wild. The Egyptian tortoise is critically endangered, protected in Egypt, and banned from international trade. Never buy one. If you're not sure of a tortoise's species and origin, don't buy it.
• Turtles aren't recommended for children under 5, very elderly people, or anyone with a weak immune system, because of Salmonella.

A home for a water turtle

• A tank with water and a dry area where it can climb out to bask. It needs both.
• A strong filter. Turtles dirty water fast, and you'll still need to change some of the water regularly.
• A basking lamp over the dry area, so that spot reaches about 32°C.
• A UVB lamp is essential for healthy shell and bones. Replace it when the manufacturer says, even if it still lights up.
• Water at about 24 to 26°C. An Egyptian winter may call for a heater; in summer keep the tank out of direct sun.

Food

• Young water turtles eat daily, adults every 2 or 3 days.
• Their diet mixes turtle food with greens and water plants, and the balance changes with age. Ask a vet who treats reptiles.
• Tortoises eat something completely different, so don't feed them like water turtles.

Turtles and Salmonella

• Wash your hands with soap and water after touching, feeding or cleaning up after your turtle, and help children wash theirs.
• Don't kiss it or hold it near your face.
• Clean the tank away from the kitchen and places where food is prepared.

Signs it needs a vet

Not eating, swollen or closed eyes, floating lopsided, a soft or spotted shell, or breathing with its mouth open. Find a vet who treats reptiles, and ask first.