Barking in a flat: why dogs bark and how to reduce it

Barking is a dog's natural way of speaking, and it will never stop completely. But a lot of barking in a flat causes trouble with the neighbours and wears the dog out too. Step one: find out why it barks.

The usual causes

• Alerting and guarding: a sound on the stairs, the doorbell, someone passing the window.
• Wanting attention: it wants to play, eat or go out, now.
• Fear: a loud noise, something new, a stranger.
• Boredom and loneliness: a long day with no walk, play or company.
• Separation anxiety: barking, crying and scratching at the door only when you leave.

Not sure? Film it on your phone while you're out; it will show you when and why.

What to do about each

• Alerting: limit what it sees, for example a curtain on the window facing the street. Teach an alternative, such as going to its bed and lying down, and reward it.
• Attention: don't reward barking. Don't open the door or hand over food while it barks. Wait for two seconds of quiet, then give it what it wants. Take it out at set times, not when it barks.
• Fear: show it the sound or thing from a distance where it can still eat calmly, and give it something it loves. Move closer gradually over days.
• Boredom: more walks, play and puzzle toys. A well-exercised dog sleeps more. See leash training your dog.
• Separation anxiety: this needs a plan. Start with your vet, who may refer you to a behaviour specialist.

What not to do

• Don't shout. Your dog probably thinks you're barking along.
• Don't hit it. Punishment increases fear, and fear increases barking.
• Avoid shock collars and any collar that hurts. Behaviour experts consider them harmful, and many dogs only stop barking while wearing one.

The neighbours

• Talk to your neighbours before they complain: tell them you know and you're working on it.
• Ask them when the dog barks while you're out.
• In Ramadan and at Eid, fireworks make barking worse. See fireworks and loud noises.